Introduction:
On January 1, 1997, Hung Yen was officially re-established after 28 years of merger with Hai Duong province. At the time of reestablishment, Hung Yen had 6 administrative units at district and town level (Hung Yen town and districts of My Van, Chau Giang, An Thi, Kim Dong, Phu Tien) with 160 communes, wards and towns. The area of the province is 923.45 km2; the population is 1,051,420 people. From 1997 up to now, the Government has issued decrees to make changes on some administrative units at district and town level (separating Chau Giang district and My Van district to re-establish 5 districts: Văn Giang, Khoái Châu, Yên Mỹ, Mỹ Hào, Văn Lâm); transfer some units at commune level to ward and town level and establish Hung Yen city on the basis of the total area and population of Hung Yen town and some communes of neighboring districts (Kim Dong, Tien Lu). Up to now, Hung Yen has 1 city, 9 districts with 161 communes, wards and towns in which there are 7 wards, 9 towns and 145 communes with total area of 930.22 km; the average population in 2015 is 1,164,368 people and the population density is 1,252 people per km2.
The economy of the province at the first period of re-establishment has encountered many difficulties and challenges such as inadequate infrastructure which was degraded due to lack of investment for years, undeveloped and scattered economic units, inadequate and incompetent human resource and low living standard. However, together the active support and effective assistance of Central bodies, the Party committee and residents continue to carry out the renovation initiated by the Party and the State and province building through the implementation of the socio-economic development objectives of the Resolution of the 14th time (1997-2000), the 15th time (2001-2005), the 16th time (2006-2010), the 17th time (2011-2015) and the 18th time (2016-2020) of the Provincial Party Congress (2016-2020).
I. PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND AQUACULTURE
1. Achievements
In recent years, agriculture and rural areas have been playing a very important role in the socio-economic development of the province. According to statistics in 2015, the province has 61,019 ha of agricultural land, accounting for 65.60% of the structure, including 5,081 ha of water surface for aquaculture, accounting for 5.46% of the general structure. The rural population accounted for over 86.95% of the province's population, decreasing by 5.6% since 1997, yet the above rate remains high compared with the national average (in 2015, the rural population nationwide accounts for 65.54% of the whole country’s population). Thus, Hung Yen's agriculture and rural areas play important roles in the socio-economic development of the province. Over the past years, agro-forestry and fishery production have ensured food security, supply of raw materials and abundant labor for production and business activities in the province. Although the area of arable land is decreasing year by year due to industrialization, urbanization and natural disasters, agricultural production and rural economy in Hung Yen have constantly developed based on exploitation and promotion of agro-ecology advantages as Hung Yen is located in the center of the Red River delta and the northern key economic region. These achievements are specified in following contents:
1.1. The agricultural, forestry and fishery production has been stable and the internal structure has shifted positively towards commodity production, increase of animal husbandry and aquaculture proportion and contributend positively to the overall economic growth of the province.
The province's agricultural, forestry and fishery production has been steadily growing, providing a wide range of high quality products and meeting the domestic demands, production and export. Depending on each stage, there are advantages and disadvantages. However, agricultural production always achieves good results. The outcome of the following period is higher than the previous period.
However, the pace of increase has been slowing down in recent years. Output value of agriculture, forestry and fishery at the comparative price in 2010 reached VND11,041 billion in 2015; the average increase between 2011 and 2015 was 1.89% per year. Compared with previous periods, this stage has the lowest growth rate. This is mainly due to small-scale, scattered and spontaneous agricultural production. Diseases in plants and animals are complicated. In addition, climate change is increasingly unpredictable, causing great damages to agricultural production and people's life.
VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION BASED ON COMPARATIVE PRICE IN 2010
PERIOD 2010-2015
|
Year
|
Total
|
|
Category
|
|
|
Agriculture
|
Forestry
|
Aquaculture
|
|
|
|
Million VND
|
|
2010
|
10.056.249
|
9.320.743
|
13.614
|
721.892
|
|
2011
|
10.667.652
|
9.859.660
|
11.064
|
796.928
|
|
2012
|
10.884.763
|
9.975.977
|
10.624
|
898.162
|
|
2013
|
10.569.495
|
9.624.415
|
10.110
|
934.970
|
|
2014
|
10.761 486
|
9.774.173
|
9.879
|
977.434
|
|
2015
|
11.040.809
|
9.984.671
|
9.037
|
1.047.101
|
Average annual growth rate (%):
Apart from objective factors, there are subjective factors such as instructions of the implementation of the planning, mechanisms and policies which have been promulgated and ineffective expansion of production models with high economic efficiency. Some policies have not been synchronized, inadequate, and not receptive to adjustments in order to meet the requirements of agricultural production. Land policy is not intensive, which causes difficulties in accumulation and concentration of land and affects the development of agricultural production in large scale; Mechanisms and policies to encourage the development of production linkages between enterprises and farmers in the value chain have not really been paid attention to, which is not attractive enough for enterprises to invest in agriculture. The investment capital for development and infrastructure are not synchronous to ensure the concentrated production of goods. Traffic systems, irrigation, electricity and waste treatment systems in rice production areas, animal husbandry and aquaculture have not met the demands of modern-oriented intensive production. Research and technology transfer is still weak, not creating a breakthrough in improving productivity, quality and added value for a product. Encourage agriculture and application of technical advances which are synchronous to changes in the structure of plants and animals, have been paid attention, though, they are not effective as required. High quality human resources and trained labor force are still inadequate. The rate of rural residents who have been trained are low; vocational training programs are not close to the actual demands, and farmers have not made use of their training.
Cultivation activities: The average crop value in the period of 1997-2015 was 2.31% per year and tend to decrease considerably, of which the lowest value was of 2011-2015 when the value of crops increased only 0.34% per year on average. The causes have been analyzed as above. The structure of crops has shifted towards commodity production, from low-yielding crops to high-yielding crops. In particular, the area of cereals has been continuously reduced; in 1997 the area of cereal crops was 100,022 ha, reduced to 86,017 ha in 2015 (down 14,005 ha); Meanwhile, the number of fruit trees increased from 8,218 hectares in 1997 to 14,840 hectares in 2015. The area of banana trees has been expanded in recent years, which was 1,295 hectares and 1,834 ha in 2010 and 2015 respectively; the hectares of longan trees also increased from 1,502 ha in 2000 to 3,226 ha in 2015. The structure of seedlings is arranged properly in each region in order to increase output, quality and limit pests and diseases.
The corporation models in production and consumption of goods are suitable with conditions of each region, such as Thai Binh Seed Corporation, Nhat Tan cooperative of Tien Lu district and Hung Dao Cooperative work together in rice production. Other effective links are between Dai Thanh JSC. and Thuan Hung Cooperative in Khoai Chau district; Tuong Lan Company and farmers in Kim Dong district; Hai Phong Hi-Tech Joint Stock Company and Lien Phuong Cooperative in Hung Yen city. Ngoc Ha Co., Ltd, Thanh Yen Co. Ltd, Hau Ha company and farmers in Tien Lu district corporate in growing, consumption and export of cucumber. The link models show initial achievements and benefits and generate income for farmers.
Animal husbandry: Over the past 20 years, animal husbandry activity in the province has grown steadily. The number of livestock has constantly increased. The production structure has changed, from small to medium-scale production to centralized production and farm raising. The production value of animal husbandry at the average comparative price in 1997 increased by 6.80% per year since 1997. The leanization rate is 80%, sind crossbred cattle rate reached 100%. The reason is breeding structure changing rapidly and positively in the direction of higher output, quality and efficiency. The model of animal husbandry in the concentrated medium-scale and large-scale farms become popular. Up to now, the province has 866 farms operating with biosecurity, contributing to the development of goods-oriented high quality and efficiency.
Up to now, Hung Yen has basically formed some concentrated goods-oriented production areas. The number of agro-products is increasing in quantity, quality and value, meeting the demands of consumption and export. Local farmers not only convert low-income farming areas into other models for higher economic efficiency, but they also have actively transformed their crop varieties in order to increase output, product values and average income per unit of land such as: the longan areas in Khoai Chau, Tien Lu, and Hung Yen city, flowers and bonsai in Van Giang and Khoai Chau, safe vegetable areas in Yen My, Van Lam.
- Stable food production and food security is assured as the area of agricultural land gradually reduced
Food production has always been identified as a key task in agricultural production of the province. Although the production area has been shrunken, thanks to application of advanced science and technology and effective prevention of pests, food production is stabilized in the past few years. Food security has been firmly ensured amid the agricultural land fund is gradually reduced.
Rice is the staple crop of the province. In 1997, the whole province had 100.02 thousand hectares of grain crops, in which the area of rice is 89.36 thousand ha, accounting for 89.34%. By 2015, the area of food crops has been 86.02 thousand hectares, in which rice accounts for 77.48 thousand hectare, equivalent to 90.07%. Average annual decrease is 0.93%, of which 2.09% per year in the period 1997-2000, 1.57% per year in the period 2001-2005, 0.15% per year in the period 2006-2010; and 1.11% between 2011 and 2015.
.
THE AREA OF GRAINS DURING THE PERIOD 1997-2015
Unit: ha
|
Year
|
Total
|
Trong đó
|
|
|
Category
|
|
|
Rice
|
Winter-spring crops
|
Winter rice
|
Corn
|
|
1997
|
100.022
|
89.360
|
42.480
|
46.880
|
10.662
|
|
2001
|
93.792
|
89.295
|
43.285
|
46.010
|
4.497
|
|
2006
|
88.823
|
81.477
|
40.054
|
41.423
|
7.346
|
|
2011
|
90.620
|
81.951
|
40.621
|
41.330
|
8.669
|
|
2012
|
89.602
|
81.782
|
40.668
|
41.114
|
7.820
|
|
2013
|
89.140
|
80.761
|
40.416
|
40.345
|
8.379
|
|
2014
|
87.328
|
78.962
|
39.533
|
39.429
|
8.365
|
|
2015
|
86.017
|
77.477
|
38.723
|
38.754
|
8.540
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The area is decreasing but the yield of food crops is stable and higher over the years. In particular, the productivity of rice reached 50.75 quintals, 62.02 quintals per hectare in 1997 and 2015 respectively. Average annual increase of 0.60 quintals per hectare. Corn yield also increases significantly, namely 24.93 quintals per ha in 1997 and 57.48 quintals per ha in 2015 (doubled the yield in 1997). Due to the increase in rice and corn productivity, food production has remained relatively stable, but guaranteed food security. Grain output reached 480.03 in 1997, thousand tons and 529.60 thousand tons in 2015, of which rice output was 453.46 tons and 480.51 thousand tons respectively.
1.3. Fruit tree sector grow fast with high economic efficiency and contribute positively to changes in the structure of crops. Many famous brand names of Hung Yen agriculture products has been developed.
Fruit tree sector constantly grows in terms of area and types of products. The productivity and output increase, especially citrus and banana which have become renowned in many localities. Longan and lychee continue to be favored. By 2015, the area of fruit trees has been about 8,717 ha, up 2,012 ha compared to 1997. The average annual increase is 1.47% (equivalent to 168 hectares).
FRUIT TREE AREA IN THE PERIOD 1997 - 2015
Unit: Ha
|
Year
|
Total
|
In which
|
|
Citrus
|
Banana
|
Longan, lychee
|
Apple
|
|
1997
|
6.705
|
620
|
3.590
|
1.367
|
750
|
|
2001
|
6.553
|
620
|
2.935
|
1.615
|
645
|
|
2006
|
8.005
|
1.941
|
940
|
3.280
|
660
|
|
2010
|
8.329
|
2.063
|
1.295
|
3.108
|
426
|
|
2011
|
8.327
|
1.949
|
1.407
|
3.133
|
423
|
|
2012
|
8.328
|
1.960
|
1.430
|
3.135
|
415
|
|
2013
|
8.357
|
1.961
|
1.454
|
3.242
|
412
|
|
2014
|
8.510
|
1.810
|
1.622
|
3.615
|
210
|
|
2015
|
8.717
|
1.596
|
1.834
|
3.675
|
206
|
Fruit trees area (orange, mandarin, pomelo) is expanded over the years, from only 620 ha in 1997 to 2,063 ha in 2010 which increased more than 3 times. However, the area of oranges, tangerines and pomelo tend to shrink in recent years. In 2015, the area of orange, tangerine, pomelo is reduced to 1,596 hectares. The main reasons are inappropriate land areas and price pressure as other localities in the region are also developing these fruit trees with lower production costs.
Also, the output of orange, tangerine and pomelo is also higher which was 2,415 tons in 1997 and 28,459 tons in 2015; up 13.86% annually. Orange, tangerine and pomelo are grown mainly in the northern districts such as Van Giang district with 417 ha, Khoai Chau district with 364 ha, Yen My district with 237 ha. Some famous fruit breeds are Vinh orange, Duong Canh orange, Dien pomelo which are also served as bonsai on Lunar Tet holiday.
Longan has long been known as a famous product of Hung Yen province. Also, it has become a unique "brand", featuring the identity of the land and Hung Yen people. Longan not only helps people eliminate hunger and reduce poverty, but also affirms its name in the list of famous specialties of Vietnam. At present, many localities in the province have been changing the structure of crops as the substitute of rice and preparing land to plant longan garden which yield high output. As a result, the area of longan and lychee have been expanded rapidly, especially in the period of 2001-2005, due to the application of encouraging policies in crop structure alteration. The area of longan and lychee was 1,367 ha in 1997 and 3,675 ha in 2015; up 5.65%; annually. The period of 2001 and 2015 saw the highest growth rate of 16.74% per year. The expansion of longan land area has slowed down in recent years. Longan and lychee are mostly planted in Hung Yen city with an area of 811 ha, in Khoai Chau district with 856 ha; Tien Le district with 351 ha and An Thi district with 367 ha. The yield of longan and lychee reached 13,985 tons in 1997 and 38,468 tons in 2015, up 5.78% annually.
The output has increased in proportion with the expansion in the area. The average growth rate of the period 2001-2005 was 16.15% per year. However, the yield of longan and lychee is not even through the years due to seasonal effects and weather factors.
1.4. Livestock breeding, poultry and aquaculture development is stable; disease is under control; many concentrated models of breeding show economic efficiency.
Along with a strong shift of cultivation, breeding sector of the province has developed remarkably in terms of quality, quantity, scale and form of breeding. The most noticeable programs are "leanization" program, "sind crossbred cattle" program, lean poultry raising, specialties. Also, the annual rate of disease prevention vaccination is 80% which is among the provinces with highest injection rate. The disease prevention and inspection are paid special attention and well performed.
NUMBER OF ANIMALS AND POULTRY ON THE PERIOD 1997 – 2015
|
Year
|
Buffalo
|
Cow
|
Pig
|
Poultry (in thousands)
|
|
1997
|
8.929
|
37.087
|
335.116
|
5.280
|
|
2001
|
5.513
|
29.781
|
432.860
|
5.790
|
|
2006
|
2.310
|
51.333
|
594.977
|
5.155
|
|
2010
|
2.377
|
43.776
|
630.125
|
7.647
|
|
2011
|
2.324
|
43.405
|
644.584
|
8.001
|
|
2012
|
2.394
|
44.056
|
660.285
|
8.359
|
|
2013
|
2.730
|
37.930
|
619.271
|
8.442
|
|
2014
|
2.781
|
37.956
|
589.191
|
8.559
|
|
2015
|
2.733
|
37.967
|
594.426
|
8.714
|
In the socio-economic development strategy of the province, pig raising was identified as the keysector. The proportion of pig products is over 79% of the total volume of the industry. In recent years, people's life has been constantly improved; the demand of pork has increased in both quantity and quality; food hygiene and safety is focused. The pig industry is entering a new phase. The quality of pig leanization and hygiene and food safety are guaranteed. Traditional pig raising methods in household farms, namely making use of by-products in cultivation and living and taking advantage of idle labors in the family, are gradually reduced. Instead, the economic model of pig farms, concentrated breeding, industrial-o